1. CNC machine tool.

The structure of a CNC machine tool is primarily divided into three components: the machine tool body, the drive system, and the CNC system.

The main body of the machine tool.

The machine tool body is the primary component of the machine tool and constitutes its hardware. It is an essential mechanical assembly and the part most readily visible to the naked eye, comprising the bed and base casting, the spindle and gearbox, the guideways and slide ways, as well as lubrication, chip removal, and cooling systems.

Transmission system.

The drive system is a critical component of a CNC machine tool, ensuring the coordinated operation of all its subsystems and enabling the machine to fulfill its intended functions. It comprises the tooling, the transmission mechanism, and the auxiliary power system. (1) The tooling section includes protective devices, the tool magazine, and the tool‑changing mechanism. (2) As the second major element of the drive system, the transmission mechanism consists of three key components: ball screws, linear guides, and worm‑gear pairs. (3) The auxiliary power system comprises two parts—the hydraulic system and the starting system—both of which provide the necessary power for the CNC machine tool.

Numerical control system.

The CNC system can be regarded as the soul of a CNC machine tool and its most intuitive component, embodying the essence that enables the machine to perform a wide range of functions and operations. CNC systems are broadly classified into two main types.

(1) The drive system comprises a high-speed spindle, a rectangular motor, a linear motor, a conventional motor, and a stepper motor. (2) The control and sensing system includes a CNC system, a programmable logic controller, a feed servo control module, a position-sensing module, and others.

2. CNC machine tool technology chain.

The technological chain of CNC machine tools comprises six major components, which, in summary, include real-time verification technology for CNC systems, direct-drive motor machining control technology, servo motor machining control technology, linear sensor resolution technology, angular sensor resolution technology, and fieldbus technology for CNC systems.

3. CNC machine tool product chain.

The CNC machine tool product chain is longer than those of several other segments, encompassing machining centers, metal cutting, special machining, and forming processes.

Machining Center: Multi-axis simultaneous control, flexible machining unit

Metal cutting: CNC lathes, CNC milling machines, CNC boring machines, CNC drilling machines, CNC grinders, CNC punch presses

Specialized machining: wire EDM machines, electrical discharge machining (EDM) forming machines, flame cutting machines, laser machining centers, high-pressure waterjet cutting machines, and CNC automatic welding equipment.

Forming machine tools: CNC press brake, CNC shearing machine, CNC bending machine, CNC bending machine, multi‑axis measuring machine

Others: automatic plotters, industrial robots, and specialized CNC systems.

4. Downstream industrial chain of CNC machine tools.

The downstream industrial chain of CNC machine tools reflects the multifunctional role of CNC machines as “mother machines,” with widespread applications across various sectors of the manufacturing industry. Overall, it encompasses the following key aspects:

Defense Industry: Aerospace, Nuclear Industry, Shipbuilding, and Arms Manufacturing

Petrochemical industry: petroleum, petrochemicals, chemical industry, etc.

Shipbuilding Industry: Ship Repair and Ship-related Services

Machinery industry: machinery manufacturing, etc.

Automotive industry: body-in-white machining, cylinder block machining, transmissions, clutches, shaft components, and more.

Other industrial manufacturing-related fields.

Having seen this, do you now have a fresh perspective on the CNC machine tool industry?

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